CHAPTER I.THE DRAWING BOARD |
| The T square |
| The triangles |
| Curves |
| Selecting and testing drawing instruments |
| Lead pencils |
| Mixing India ink |
| The drawing paper |
| Tracing paper |
| The ink |
| Testing and selecting India ink |
| Draftsmen's measuring rules |
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CHAPTER II.THE PREPARATION AND USE OF THE INSTRUMENTS. |
| Preparing the lining pen for use |
| The shapes of the lining pen points |
| Oil stoning pen points |
| Preparing the circle pen for use |
| The shape for circle pen points |
| Shaping circle pens for very small circles |
| A form of pen point recently introduced; forming the pen point |
| The method of oil-stoning circle pen points |
| The needle point and pen point |
| How to use the circle pen |
| German instrument to avoid slipping of a needle point |
| How to use the lining pen |
| Applying the ink to the bow-pen |
| Using a straight line or lining pen with a T square |
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CHAPTER III.LINES AND CURVES |
| Explanation of simple geometrical terms; radius; explanation of conventional dotted lines |
| A line at a right angle to another; a point; parallel lines |
| A line produced; a line bisected; a line bounding a circle; an arc of a circle; segments of a circle; the chord of an arc; a quadrant of a circle |
| A sector of a circle; a line tangent to a circle; a semicircle; centre of a circle; axis of a cylinder; to draw a circle that shall pass through three given points |
| To find the centre from which an arc of a circle has been struck; the degrees of a circle |
| The protractor |
| To find the angle of one line to another |
| To find the angles of three lines one to the other |
| Acute angles and obtuse angles |
| Triangles; right angle triangle; obtuse angle triangle; equilateral triangle; isosceles triangle |
| Scalene triangle; a quadrangle; quadrilateral or tetragon |
| Rhomboid; trapezoid; trapezium |
| The construction of polygons |
| The names of regular polygons |
| The angles of regular polygons; the ellipse |
| Form of a true ellipse |
| The use of a trammel for drawing an ellipse |
| To draw a parabola mechanically |
| To draw a parabola by lines |
| To draw a heart cam |
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CHAPTER IV.SHADOW LINES AND LINE-SHADING |
| Section lining or cross-hatching |
| To represent cylindrical pieces one within the other; to represent a number of pieces one within the other |
| To represent pieces put together and having slots or keyways through them. |
| Effects of shading or cross-hatching |
| Lines in sectional shading or cross-hatching made to denote the material of which the piece is composed—lead, wood, steel, brass, wrought iron, cast iron |
| Line-shading |
| The shade line to indicate the shape of piece; representation of a washer |
| A key drawn with a shade line; shade line applied to a nut; a German pen regulated to draw lines of various breadths |
| Example of line-shading in perspective drawing, shown in a pipe threading stock and die |
| A cylindrical pin line-shaded; two cylindrical pieces that join each other; a lathe centre; a piece having a curved outline |
| Line-shading applied to a ball or sphere; applied to a pin in a socket shown in section |
| A piece of tube, where the thickness of the tube is shown; where the hollow or hole is seen, the piece shown in section; where the body is bell-mouthed and the hollow curve shown by shading |
| Example of line-shading to denote the relative distances of various surfaces from the eye |
| Line-shading to denote that the piece represented is of wood; shade-lines being regular or irregular |
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CHAPTER V.MARKING DIMENSIONS |
| Examples in marking dimensions |
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CHAPTER VI.THE ARRANGEMENT OF DIFFERENT VIEWS |
| The different views of a mechanical drawing; elevation; plan; general view; a figure to represent a solid cylinder |
| To represent the different sides of a cube; the use of a cross to denote a square |
| A triangular piece requires two or three views |
| To represent a ring having hexagon cross section; examples; a rectangular piece in two views |
| The position of the piece when in its place determines the name of the view in the drawing |
| View of a lever |
| Best method of projecting one view from another; the two systems of different views of a piece |
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CHAPTER VII.EXAMPLES IN BOLTS, NUTS AND POLYGONS |
| To represent the thread of a small screw |
| A bolt with a hexagon head |
| United States standard sizes for forged or unfinished bolts and nuts |
| The basis of the Franklin Institute or United States standard for bolts and nuts; hexagonal or hexagon heads of bolt |
| Comparison of hexagon and square heads of bolts; chamfers |
| Without chamfer; best plan for view of both square and hexagon heads |
| Drawing different views of hexagon heads |
| To draw a square-headed bolt; to draw the end view of a hexagon head |
| Use of the triangle to divide circles |
| Scales giving the length of the sides of polygons |
| To find what a square body which measures one inch on each side measures across the corners; to find what diameter a cylindrical piece of wood must be turned to which is to be squared, and each side of which square must measure an inch |
| To find a radius across corners of a hexagon or a six sided figure, the length of a side being an inch |
| To draw a stud |
| To pencil in a cap nut; pencilling for a link having the hubs on one side only |
| Link with hubs on both sides; pencil lines for a double eye or a knuckle joint |
| Double eye or knuckle joint with an offset; a connecting rod end |
| A rod end with a round stem |
| A bolt with a square under the head |
| Example in which the corner where the round stem meets the square under the head is sharp; a centre punch giving an example in which the flat sides gradually run out upon a circle, the edges forming curves |
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CHAPTER VIII.SCREW THREADS AND SPIRALS. |
| Screw threads for small bolts with the angles of the thread drawn in, and the method of doing this |
| A double thread; a round top and bottom thread such as the Whitworth thread; a left hand thread; to draw screw threads of a large diameter |
| Drawing the curves for screw threads |
| To draw the United States standard thread |
| To draw a square thread |
| Form of template for drawing the curves of threads |
| To show the thread depth in a top or end view of a nut; to draw a spiral spring |
| To obtain an accurate division of the lines that divide the pitch |
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CHAPTER IX.EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. |
| A locomotive spring; a stuffing box and gland; working drawings of a coupling rod; dimensions and directions marked; a connecting rod drawn and put together as it would be for the lathe, vise, or erecting shop |
| Drawings for the blacksmith |
| A locomotive frame |
| Reducing scales |
| Making a drawing to scale |
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CHAPTER X.PROJECTIONS. |
| A spiral wound around a cylinder whose end is cut off at an angle |
| A cylindrical body joining another at a right-angle; a Tee for example |
| Other examples of Tees |
| Example of a cylinder intersecting a cone |
| A cylindrical body whose top face if viewed from one point would appear as a straight line, or from another a circle |
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CHAPTER XI.DRAWING GEAR WHEELS. |
| Names of the curves and lines of gear teeth |
| How to draw spur wheel teeth |
| Professor Willis' scale of tooth proportions |
| The application of the scale |
| How to find the curve for the tooth face |
| To trace hypocycloides for the flanks of teeth |
| Sectional view of a section of a wheel for showing the dimensions through the arms and hub |
| To draw an edge view of a wheel; rules for drawing the teeth of wheels; bevel gear wheels |
| The construction to find the curves |
| To draw the arcs for the teeth |
| To draw the pitch circle of the inner and small end of the pinion teeth |
| One-half of a bevel gear and an edge view projected from the same |
| A pair of bevel wheels shown in section; drawing of a part of an Ames lathe feed motion; small bevel gears |
| Example in which part of the gear is shown with teeth in, and the remainder illustrated by circles; drawings of part of the feed motion of a Niles horizontal tool work boring mill |
| Three bevel gears, one of which is line-shaded; the construction of oval gearing; Professor Rankine's process for rectifying and subdividing circular arcs |
| Various examples of laying out gear wheels |
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CHAPTER XII.PLOTTING MECHANICAL MOTIONS. |
| To find how much motion an eccentric will give to its rod |
| To find how much a given amount of motion of a long arm will move the short arm of a lever |
| Example of the end of a lever acting directly on a shoe; a short arm having a roller acting upon a larger roller |
| A link introduced in the place of the roller to find the amount of motion of the rod; a lever actuating a plunger in a vertical line, to find how much a given amount of motion of the long arm will actuate the plunger |
| Two levers upon their axles or shafts, the arms connected by a link and one arm connected to a rod |
| A lever arm and cam in one piece on a shaft, a shoe sliding on the line, and held against the cam face by the rod, to find the position of the face of the shoe against the cam |
| To find the amount of motion imparted in a straight line to a rod, attached to an eccentric strap |
| Examples in drawing the cut off cams employed instead of eccentrics on river steamboats in the Western and Southern States. Different views of a pair of cams |
| The object of using a cam instead of an eccentric |
| Method of drawing or marking out a full stroke cam |
| Illustration of the lines embracing cut off cams of varying limits of cut-off |
| Part played by the stroke of the engine in determining the conformation of cut-off cams; manner of finding essential points of drawings of cutoff cams |
| A cam designed to cut off the steam at five-eighths of the piston stroke |
| Three-fourths and seven-eighths cams |
| Necessary imperfections in the operations of cut-off cams |
| Drawing representing the motion which a crank imparts to a connecting rod |
| Plotting out the motion of a shaper link quick return |
| Plotting out the Whitworth quick return motion employed in machines |
| Finding the curves for moulding cutters |
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CHAPTER XIII.EXAMPLES IN LINE-SHADING AND DRAWING FOR LINE-SHADED ENGRAVINGS. |
Arrangement of idle pulleys to guide bolts from one pulley to another; representation of a cutting tool for a planing machine
Drawings for photo-engraving |
| Drawing for an engraver in wood; drawings for engravings by the wax process |
| Engraving made by the wax process from a print from a wood engraving; engravings of a boiler drilling machine |
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CHAPTER XIV.SHADING AND COLORING DRAWINGS. |
| Coloring the journals of shafts; simple shading; drawing cast-iron, wrought iron, steel and copper |
| Points to be observed in coloring and shading; colored drawings to be glued around their edges to the drawing board; to maintain an even shade of color; mixing colors |
| To graduate the depth of tint for a cylindrical surface |
| The size and use of brushes; light in shading; example for shading a Medart pulley |
| Brush shading |
| To show by the shading that the surfaces are highly polished; representation of an oil cup; representation of an iron planing machine |
| Example in shading of Blake's patent direct acting steam pump |
| Example of shading an independent condenser |
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CHAPTER XV.EXAMPLES OF ENGINE WORK. |
| Drawings of an automatic high speed engine; side and end views of the engine; vertical section of the cylinder through the valve face |
| Valve motion; governor |
| Pillow box, block crank-pin, wheel and main journal |
| Side and edge view of the connecting rod |
| A two hundred horse power horizontal steam boiler for a stationary engine; cross sectional view of the boiler shell |
| Side elevation, end view of the boiler, and setting |
| Working drawings of a one hundred horse power engine; plan and side view of the bed plate, with the main bearing and guide bars; cross sections of the bed plate; side elevation of the cylinder, with end view of the same |
| Steam chest side and horizontal cross section of the cylinder; steam chest and the valves; cam wrist plate and cut-off mechanism; shaft for the cam plate; cross head; side view and section through the centre of the eccentric and strap |
| Construction of the connecting rod |
